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Temple Adas Israel
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| Location: | Washington and College Streets Brownsville, Tennessee United States |
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| Built: | 1882 |
| Architectural style: | Gothic Revival |
| Governing body: | Private |
| NRHP Reference#: | 79002445[1] |
| Added to NRHP: | January 19, 1979 |
Temple Adas Israel is a historic synagogue located at the intersection of Washington and College Streets in Brownsville, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1882, it is the oldest synagogue building in Tennessee and one of fewer than a hundred surviving 19th century synagogues in the country. On January 19, 1979, Temple Adas Israel was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[1][2][3]
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Brownsville's Jewish community began when two German Ashkenazim immigrants, brothers Joe and Sol Sternberger, founded the Adas Israel Congregation in 1867. When the Sternbergers immigrated to the United States, they brought a Torah written on sheepskin. Led by Isaac Levi, the Orthodox community first met for prayers in the home of Jacob and Karoline Felsenthal. Over the next fifteen years, Adas Israel moved towards Reform Judaism and membership grew to 25 families.[2][4]
In 1878, the congregation founded Adas Israel Cemetery, a Jewish burial ground still in use today. The congregation became too large to continue meeting in local homes; therefore, a 200-seat wooden synagogue was built in 1882. A large ceremony took place on March 2, 1882 for the synagogue's dedication. Attendees included not only congregation members, but many of the city's non-Jews. Emil Tamm became the first lay leader to lead the congregation in its new temple. Because Adas Israel congregation has never had a full-time rabbi, subsequent lay leaders have included Abe Sternberger, Morton Felsenthal, Fred Silverstein, and Fred Silverstein Jr. During the 20th century, the congregation's membership began to shrink. Currently, about 12 families attend Friday night services at Temple Adas Israel.[2][4][5]
Temple Adas Israel is a modest example of Gothic Revival architecture and was modeled after the United Hebrew Congregation Temple in Louisville, Kentucky. It originally featured a small steeple, an extremely rare feature for a synagogue. The building underwent a major renovation in the 1920s; the wooden siding was replaced with brick, the steeple was removed, and new pews and an organ were installed. A particularly beautiful suite of thirteen stained glass windows, arched in Gothic style, were installed in 1910. The window above the Torah ark is unusual in a synagogue in that it depicts a large, realistic human eye; similar to the Eye of Providence found on the one-dollar bill and in Masonic iconography.[2][6][7]
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